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Reference managers

An introductory guide to three common Reference managers - EndNote, Zotero and Mendeley.

Sorting and locating references in your EndNote library

You can sort each column alphabetically or by date, by selecting the column heading at the top of the column.

You can also add new columns by right clicking on the top of any column and choosing from the list that appears e.g. Record Number, Keywords or Research Notes.

You can search within the EndNote library via the search box located in the middle panel, or by selecting Advanced search to expand the search parameters.

endnote advanced search

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Looking at your EndNote Library

When you have imported your records, you will see them displayed in the EndNote library summary screen. 

endnote summary screen

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Duplicate references

You can remove duplicate references in your EndNote library by selecting Library > Find Duplicates

Check the completeness of the record you wish to keep e.g. does it have full text attached? If you have already inserted one of these records as a citation in your Word document, do NOT delete it in your EndNote library or the citation will disappear from your document.

Tip: To check which record you have used in your Word document, note the record numbers. See the section on Unformatting citations and bibliographies for instructions on unformatting the citations in your Word document to identify the record you have inserted.

endnote find duplicates

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Adding full-text and PDFs

Adding full text

You can add full text to your EndNote library in different ways:

1. Adding an existing (saved) PDF to the record in your EndNote library 

The easiest way to add an existing saved PDF file to a record in your EndNote library is to drag and drop the PDF file onto the reference located in your library summary screen OR highlight a reference and select the Attach file button. 

2. Using Find Full Text to attach PDFs to existing records in your EndNote library  

This method is useful when you do not already have the PDFs of your references. EndNote will search for the full text PDF files (if available), and if located adds the pdf file and the URL link to the record in your Library. This method can be carried out either for one reference at a time or for multiple reference simultaneously.   

Further instructions on attaching PDFs are available in the EndNote for beginners library guide.  

Note: This method only works for journal articles and conference papers with a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). You do not need to know which ones have a DOI -- EndNote will work that out. Older journal articles and conference papers, government reports, annual reports, company or industry reports, unpublished materials such as manuscripts, newspaper articles and book chapters may not have a DOI and you will need to manually add the pdf file.

3. Adding a folder of existing PDFs to create records in EndNote 

  • Go to File > Import > File > or Folder.  
  • Press Choose and select Folder or File from existing location.   
  • Leave Import Option as PDF. 
  • Change Import All to Discard Duplicates
  • Select Import

EndNote - import folder

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Note: This process relies on the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of articles to create records in EndNote. If a PDF was not created in a format that allows EndNote to distinguish between the different elements of the citation (e.g. a scan, or an older PDF) then the reference created will have mostly empty fields that you will need to fill in manually using data from the PDF. 

Automatically import PDF files

In EndNote, select Edit > Preferences > PDF Handling and tick Enable automatic importing, then select the folder where you have saved your PDF files (NB this could be your Downloads folder or the folder where you usually save PDF publications) > OK.

Note: While you are researching, download any new PDFs you find to your preferred folder, after setting up automatic import on that folder. EndNote will automatically import the pdf into your EndNote library by creating a new reference with pdf attached. Where possible, EndNote will find and add the basic publication information to the new reference via the Digital Object Identifier (DOI).

Tips

1) Have EndNote create more informative PDF names. 

If you add a file such as <1-s2.0-S0305748812001399-main.pdf>to your auto import folder, EndNote can attempt to rename the PDF to an author-date-title format e.g. Bendall-2013-The public life of maps.pdf.   

You can also set your own custom renaming protocol. Select Edit > Preferences > PDF Handling > PDF Auto Renaming Options > select your preference and OK

2) Ask EndNote to find any missing publication information

If the PDF was added and only lists its file name and a DOI, EndNote can try to find and add the base publication information via the DOI. 

  1. Select the reference. 
  2. Select References > Find Reference Updates
  3. If anything can be found you will be presented with the additional information. Fill in blank fields or copy across additional information and save the changes. 

Note: Sometimes EndNote matches the accession numbers from different databases and suggests a different article. Select Skip.

Groups and Tags

Groups

Groups make it easy to organise a large library into folders to manage references or use a subset of references for a paper or chapter. A group simply points to a subset of references that already exist in the library. They are a COPY only of selected references from your All References.

1. Create a Group – manually add records to the Group: 

  • Right click on MY GROUPS or from the menu Groups > Create Group and name it something meaningful e.g. a topic you are researching, or Literature Review or Chapter 1. 
  • Drag and drop some references into your Group. You can also right click on a reference and select Add Reference To

2. Create a Smart Group – records matching your terms are automatically added to the Group: 

  • Right click on MY GROUPS or from the menu Groups > Create Smart Group and name it.  
  • Select Any Field > Contains and then enter a term that commonly appears in your references (e.g. in the title, abstract or keyword fields). 
  • This creates a group that will automatically add references if they contain your chosen terms.

EndNote - smart group

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Tags

In EndNote 21 there is, in addition to Groups, the ability to add custom colour coded tags to the references in your EndNote library.

You first create the Tags by right-clicking on MY GROUPS or from the menu select Tags > Create Tag, select a colour and give the tag a name.

A screenshot of a computerDescription automatically generated

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To add a Tag to a reference in your library you can either drag the reference into the particular Tag in the left-hand menu OR right-click on the record and select > Manage Tags > Select from available Tags to add and then select OK.

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Formatting (and changing) styles in EndNote

Reference output styles can be changed in EndNote AND in your Word document. If working on your thesis it might be useful to have the same style chosen in both. 

From the Summary section of your reference, select the output style drop-down menu to select your required style e.g. APA 7th, IEEE, Vancouver etc. The selected output style will then display beneath the drop-down menu.   

If the style you require isn’t listed in the drop-down menu you can search and add it via the option Select another style... 

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You can also change the referencing output style via Tools > Output Styles.  

Extra styles can be downloaded via Tools > Output styles > Open Style Manager then search in the list OR to find further styles select Get More on the Web.

Note: RMIT students using the RMIT Harvard referencing style and using EndNote on their own device will need to download files and follow the instructions available from the Library’s EndNote Desktop page under the Styles drop-down menu - EndNote Desktop - RMIT University.

Saving and backing up your EndNote library

You can save your complete library (including the .Data folder and all of its contents including images and PDF files) to a single compressed copy in order to back up your library, transfer it to a non-RMIT computer or send a copy to a colleague. The .Data folder is important, even if you are not storing PDFs in it, so compressing the library allows you to email it without losing recent updates.

To save to a compressed library file 

  1. Open the EndNote library.  
  2. Go to File > Compress Library > Create
  3. Choose the folder or drive where you want to save the library. It will be a file with the extension .enlx (not .enl).