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Reference managers

An introductory guide to three common Reference managers - EndNote, Zotero and Mendeley.

Citations in Word

Working with EndNote and Word

To work with EndNote and Word, you must FIRST open your EndNote Library, THEN Word. Select the tab EndNote 21 in Word for the toolbar to appear.

endnote toolbar

Image: Copyright © Microsoft. Used under licence.

The referencing style displayed in the Style drop-down menu is usually the style you activated in EndNote 21. If you wish to change the style in EndNote, see the section Formatting (changing) styles in EndNote OR you can select another Style for your Word document using the Style drop-down menu.

Inserting a citation in Word

  1. Make sure the EndNote library that contains the references you wish to cite is open.  
  2. Open a new Microsoft Word document. 
  3. Type one or two sentences (anything will do).  
  4. Select the EndNote 21 tab.

EndNote allows you to insert references in several ways:

Inserting a citation from EndNote 

  1. In Word, select where you would like to insert the citation in the text with the cursor.
  2. Select Go to EndNote from the EndNote 21 toolbar.
  3. In EndNote, highlight the reference and select Tools > Cite While You Write > Insert Selected Citation(s).  
  4. The reference will be inserted into the text of the Word document, and a Reference List or Bibliography will be generated at the end of the document.

Inserting a citation from Word 

  1. In Word, place the cursor where you would like to insert citation in the text. 
  2. From the EndNote toolbar in Word, Select Insert Citation 
  3. From the pop-up box, type an author's last name or keyword. Press Return. EndNote will list the matching results. 
  4. Select the reference(s) you require and select Insert

Reference(s) will be inserted into the text of the Word document and a Reference List or Bibliography will be created at end of the document.

Inserting multiple citations 

Select multiple references from your EndNote library by holding down Cmd while clicking on the required references (OR use the Shift key to select a continuous range of references). Then return to your Word document and select the drop-down button next to Insert Citations on the EndNote 21 toolbar, then Insert Selected Citation(s) from the options. 

Editing a citation in Word

Once you have inserted a citation, you should NOT edit it directly in Word. If you make any changes within the brackets of a citation they will disappear when you update the citations and bibliography.

  1. In Word, select the in-text citation. This will automatically shade the citation in grey. 
  2. Select Edit & Manage Citation(s) on the EndNote toolbar
  3. From the Formatting drop-down menu, select your chosen option e.g. Exclude Author or Exclude Year
  4. Enter page number in the Pages field. Page numbers will only appear if style allows it e.g. APA 7th, Harvard_RMIT_EndNote, etc.

editing a citation in word

Image: Copyright © Microsoft. Used under licence.

Tip: If the referencing style you are using is not set up to show information from the Pages box (most of the journal output styles are not) then you add page numbers in the Suffix field, including punctuation e.g. , p. 47 (a space before the comma is necessary).

Removing a citation in Word

Do NOT delete unwanted citations by highlighting them and pressing the delete key.   

If you wish to remove a citation completely: 

If you wish to remove a citation completely: 

  1. Select the citation in-text  
  2. Select Edit & Manage Citation(s) in the Word EndNote toolbar  
  3. The Edit & Manage Citation(s) dialogue box will be displayed. All the citations within the document will be listed.  
  4. Select the Edit Reference dropdown arrow next to the citation you want to delete 
  5. Select Remove Citation.  
  6. Select OK

endnote managing citations

Image: Copyright © Microsoft. Used under licence.
 

Special characters and character sets 

Special characters can be entered into EndNote using any of these text-entry methods:

  1. To type an accented or alternative version of a character, hold the key down until its alternative characters are displayed 
  2. From the list displayed, click the character you want to use 

Note: If you edit a reference in EndNote, the changes you make won’t be reflected in your Word document until you update your Bibliography. In the EndNote tab in Word click on Update Citations and Bibliography.  

Changing a style within Word

changing styles in endnote mac

Image: Copyright © Microsoft. Used under licence.

If you need to change to another style for your document:

  1. Select the Style box.
  2. Select Another Style from the menu.
  3. To find the style in the alphabetical list, select on the first style, then type the first couple of letters of the style name to jump down the list.
  4. Select the style you wish to activate.
  5. Select Choose. Your document automatically reformats to reflect the new style.

choosing a style in endnote mac

Image: Copyright © Microsoft. Used under licence.

Bibliographies

Formatting your bibliography

Changes to the layout (font, line spacing etc.) of in-text citations are handled by Word. If you want to add a title or make changes to the font or line spacing of your bibliography, you need to use the EndNote tools.

  1. From the EndNote tab in Word, select Configure Bibliography 
  2. This will open the Format Bibliography tab 
  3. Click the Layout tab to check or modify settings.

    Image: Copyright © Microsoft. Used under licence.
     
  4. You can change the font size and style of your bibliography.  
  5. The default bibliography title is Reference List. This title can be changed. To make changes to the size and style of the font, click Text Format. 
  6. You can change the line spacing between references or alter the hanging indent. 
  7. When you have made all required changes, click OK to reformat the bibliography.

Creating a standalone bibliography

You can create a bibliography without an associated paper using the Copy Formatted method:

  1. Open your EndNote library and check you have the appropriate Output Style selected.  
  2. Highlight to select the desired references.  (Hold the Cmd key down to select multiple references) 
  3. From the References menu, choose Copy Formatted Reference (or Cmd+K) to copy the references.  
  4. Open a Word document and Paste the references into Word. This will generate a text document with no EndNote coding. Use the Word options to make any changes to the bibliography.

Common problems with EndNote and Word

Formatted bibliography is permanently shaded

This is field shading. To fix the problem:

  1. In Word, go to Word > Preferences > View.  
  2. Under the Show in Document section > Field Shading.
  3. There are three options: choose When selected.  
  4. Click on the small red dot at top left or select Cmd+W to save the changes and close the window. 

Strange codes in your document

Sometimes, instead of seeing your regular in-text citations, there is a strange code, which looks something like:

ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Burwell</Author> <Year>2005</Year><RecNum>39</RecNum><record><rec-number>39</rec-number " ...

What you are seeing is the hidden field codes in Word. This is the hidden code EndNote uses to hold the reference information for your formatted citations. To fix this problem:

  1. In Word, go to Word > Preferences > View.  
  2. Under the Show in Document section, uncheck the Field codes instead of values box
  3. Click on the small red dot at top left or select Cmd+W to save the changes and close the window. 

This setting is a universal setting for Word, so making this change should fix any documents that are currently displaying field codes.