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Grey literature

Find and evaluate literature that is not available via traditional publishing channels.

Examples of grey literature

There are many types of grey literature, with some examples as follows:

  • Blogs
  • Clinical trials
  • Conference papers and proceedings
  • Datasets
  • Diaries and letters
  • E-prints or pre-prints
  • Fact sheets, bulletins
  • Government and NGO documents, reports and working papers
  • Infographics
  • Informal communication
  • Interviews
  • Market reports
  • Newsletters
  • Pamphlets
  • Patents
  • Policy statements
  • Posters
  • Research data
  • Social media posts
  • Standards
  • Statistics
  • Surveys
  • Theses

Conferences

Conferences are an important part of staying current with intellectual and academic developments and discussion. There are many websites that will alert you of upcoming conferences. Papers are sometimes available via conference websites or accessible via databases.

Directories and repositories

Repositories contain research output, which are considered grey literature. These resources can be unpublished, or could have been published in other forms. Repositories are a great place to locate research findings before they are made available through a commercial publisher. Repositories can contain dissertations, theses, creative works, data, journal articles, book chapters and conference papers.

Library catalogues

News articles

Patents, standards and IP sources

Policy, statistics and data

Preprint archives

Preprint databases contain the author's original manuscript before submission for traditional publication. Find out more about preprints.

Theses