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Referencing for Vietnam Campus: RMIT Harvard Style

Referencing website/webpage documents that the publication year is unknown

Check the copyright year of the source. It often locates at the bottom of website as below:

  • If the website has the copyright year, take it as estimated publishing year and write c. follow by the copyright year in both intext citations and reference list: c.2024
  • If the website does not have the copyright year, write n.d. both intext citations and reference list

 

Referencing in documents of specific format

  • Referencing sources in presentations (slides)

You can include your references or in-text citations on each slide. A slide of the reference list is provided at the end of your presentation.

  • Referencing sources in videos

 You can cite your sources in the video by putting a pop-up in-text citation somewhere on the screen while you mention the source. Then, at the end of the video, provide a reference list for all your sources mentioned. 

  • Referencing sources in posters

We recommend to use foot notes numbered citation format in your poster. They can either be written in line with the text within rounded brackets (1) or using superscript numbers¹.

A footnote appears at the bottom of the poster is for similarly a reference list, providing more information about cited sources. The format of this reference list vary, depending on the lecturer's request.

Referencing other sources unlisted in Easycite

  • Mobile app

Rule for reference list entry:

Author's family name Initial (Year of releasing) Title of app (version number) [mobile app], access date.

Example:

Reference entry:

von Ahn L and Hacker S (2024) Duoligo (5.152.2)  [mobile app], accessed 24 May 2024.

 

In-text citation:

(von Ahn and Hacker 2024) created a......

Referencing book chapters in edited book and a whole book

Referencing a book chapter

  • When to use: when dealing with an edited book. These are compilations where different authors contribute individual chapters on a specific topic.
  • Reasoning: Each chapter is considered an independent work by its specific author(s). Referencing the chapter gives credit to the specific author of the information you used.
  • Format: Author's family name initial (Year) 'Title of chapter: subtitle of chapter', in Editor's family name initial (ed/s) Title of book: subtitle of book, edition number edn [if not first], Name of Publisher, doi:number OR Place of Publication [if no DOI].
  • Example: Sahai S, Goel R and Singh G (2021) 'Building the world of internet of things', in Abraham A, Dash SY, Liang Y and Pani SK (eds) Advanced soft computing techniques in data science, IoT and cloud computing, Springer International Publishing AG, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75657-4.

  • When to use: This applies when the entire book is written by a single author (or a small group of authors who collaborated on the whole book).
  • Reasoning: Since one person is responsible for the entire work, citing the book itself acknowledges their contribution.
  • Format: Author’s family name Initial (Year) Title of book: subtitle of book, edition number edn [if not first], Name of Publisher, doi:number OR Place of Publication [if no DOI].
  • Example: Deegan C (2019) An introduction to accounting: accountability in organisations and society, Cengage Learning Australia, Southbank.

Referencing E-commerce Product

In-text citation

  • Format: Author's family name Initial or Organisation's Name (Year) 
  • Example: I recently switched to using Sunlight Dishwashing, which I bought on Shopee Mall for 111.000 VND, and I've been impressed with how effectively it cleans my dishes while being environmentally friendly (Shopee 2024)

Reference list

  • Format: Author's family name Initial or Organisation's Name (Year) Title of webpage, Name of Website website, accessed Day Month Year. URL
  • Example: Unilever (n.d.) Nước Rửa Chén Bát Sunlight 100% Gốc Thực vật Thiên nhiên/Trà Xanh| Túi 3.4KG (Sunlight Dishwashing Liquid 100% Natural Plant Origin/Green Tea | 3.4KG bag), Shopee Mall website, accessed 22 May 2024. https://shopee.vn/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc-R%E1%BB%ADa-Ch%C3%A9n-B%C3%A1t-Sunlight-100-G%E1%BB%91c-Th%E1%BB%B1c-v%E1%BA%ADt-Thi%C3%AAn-nhi%C3%AAn-Tr%C3%A0-Xanh-T%C3%BAi-3.4KG-i.26947756.2824221784?sp_atk=21abcd67-1141-459a-9385-38490d8f66ba&xptdk=21abcd67-1141-459a-9385-38490d8f66ba

Other notes

- Cite the following resources as web documents

  • E-book form without DOI from a website
  • Legal documents (decrees, Acts, Codes, etc) [if there is no other specific requests]
  • Slides from website such as SlideShare, Studocu
  • Unpublished papers/works (working papers, etc)

- Citing multiple sources with the same author without publication date

Intext reference: insert a letter after the n.d., starting with the letter ‘a’ for the first work you cite.

In the reference list: include the same letter after each time mentioning n.d.

Example:

Coca-Cola Vietnam (n.d.a) mentioned that....

It is argued that...... (Coca-Cola Vietnam n.d.b)

- Multiple citations of the same source in one paragraph

Use a lead-in referring to your source at the beginning of a sentence or at the start of the paragraph (signal phrase). You can alternate this with putting the in-text cite in parentheses at the end of other sentences or the paragraph. Try to make it clear in each following sentence if it is still coming from the same source, using phrases like "According to", "They also state...", "That article concludes...". 

Example:

McLean and Morris (2014) studied the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and adolescent PTSD. They found that almost 61% of the teenagers they studied were abused by a relative, and 23.8% were chronically abused.

 [Using “They found” in the 2nd sentence shows you are talking about the same source (McLean & Morris), so you don’t have to add another in-text cite for these statistics]

Citing as Personal Communication

Cite as Personal Communication for the following cases:

  • Sources from paid individual subscription
  • Sources from social media accounts that are not publicly accessible
  • Face to face interviews, emails, telephone calls