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Literature reviews

Information providing guidance on starting a literature review, including resources, techniques and approaches to searching the literature and writing the review.

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Support for Open Access Publishing in 2025: The Library's Read and Publish Agreements

The Library offers support for Open Access (OA) publishing, including assistance with OA publishing fees through Read and Publish Agreements. These agreements allow RMIT authors to have OA publishing fees waived or discounted when their articles are accepted in certain journals.

An upcoming session will provide an overview of the Library's OA support and offer detailed guidance on publishing in journals covered by these agreements.

Wednesday, February 12. 2:30 - 3:30PM

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What is a literature review?

Broadly defined, a literature review is an analysis of the scholarly writings (the literature) which are relevant to your research topic. It usually forms the foundation of a research project (whether this is a research proposal, thesis, dissertation or a journal article) as it provides the context for your research. 

The overall purpose of a literature review is to: 

  • position your research in the context of the scholarly work that has been conducted and the knowledge that has been reached in your research area 
  • identify a gap in the existing knowledge 
  • situate your planned research within this context. This entails indicating where your planned research fits in relation to the gap and therefore why your research is original and significant. 

A literature review analyses relevant sources critically. It does not simply summarise different sources. It also needs to evaluate the literature. As such, a literature review differs from an annotated bibliography as it does not constitute a list of summaries of relevant sources. 

What type of review is right for you?

Types of evidence synthesis

Evidence synthesis refers to any method of identifying, selecting, and combining results from multiple studies. Types of evidence synthesis include: 

Literature (Narrative) Review

A broad term referring to reviews with a wide scope and non-standardized methodology.

  • Search strategies, comprehensiveness, and time range covered vary and do not follow an established protocol.

Rapid Review

Applies systematic review methodology within a time-constrained setting.

Scoping Review or Systematic Map

Systematically and transparently collects and categorizes existing evidence on a broad topic or set of research questions.

Umbrella Review

Reviews other systematic reviews on a topic.

  • Often defines a broader question than is typical of a traditional systematic review.
  • Most useful when there are competing interventions to consider.

Systematic Review

A methodical and comprehensive literature synthesis focused on a well-formulated research question.

  • Aims to identify and synthesize all of the scholarly research on a particular topic, including both published and unpublished studies.
  • Conducted in an unbiased, reproducible way to provide evidence for practice and policy-making and to identify gaps in research.
  • May involve a meta-analysis.
  • Much more time-intensive than traditional literature reviews.

Meta-Analysis

A statistical technique for combining the findings from disparate quantitative studies.

  • Uses statistical methods to objectively evaluate, synthesize, and summarize results.
  • May be conducted independently or as part of a systematic review

"What type of review is right for you?" by Cornell University Library is licensed under CC BY 4.0

Further reading

Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x

Review methodology decision tree

Cornell University Library has developed a decision tree that assists in identifying the types of reviews.

Decision tree: text version

Do you want to gather all the evidence on a particular research topic?

No: Do a Literature (Narrative) Review.

Yes: Do you have 3 or more people to work on the review?

No: More intensive reviews usually require a multi-person team for unbiased article screening.

Yes: Do you have 12–18 months to complete a review?

No: Do a Rapid Review.

Yes: Do you have a broad topic or multiple research questions?

Yes: Do a Scoping Review.

No: Do you want to review other published systematic reviews on your topic?

Yes: Do an Umbrella Review.

No: Do you have a well-formulated research question?

No: Systematic reviews are conducted in an unbiased, reproducible way to provide evidence for practice and policy-making and to identify gaps in research. They require a well-formulated research question.

Yes: Do a Systematic Review.

Will you use statistical methods to objectively evaluate, synthesize, and summarize results?  

No: A meta-analysis will not be needed.

Yes: Do a Meta-Analysis.

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